Text 20
eka eka gopa kare ye vatsa cāraṇa
koṭi, arbuda, śaṅkha, padma, tāhāra gaṇana
eka eka — one after another; gopa — cowherd boys; kare — do; ye — whatever; vatsa — calves; cāraṇa — grazing; koṭi — ten millions; arbuda — a hundred million; śaṅkha — one trillion; padma — ten trillion; tāhāra gaṇana — the enumeration of that.
“Each of the cowherd boys was tending calves to the extent of a koṭi, arbuda, śaṅkha and padma. That is the way of counting.
According to Vedic mathematical calculations, the following enumeration system is used: units, tens (daśa), hundreds (śata), thousands (sahasra), ten thousands (ayuta) and hundred thousands (lakṣa). Ten times lakṣa is niyuta. Ten times niyuta is koṭi. Ten times koṭi is arbuda. Ten times arbuda is vṛnda. Ten times vṛnda is kharva. Ten times kharva is nikharva. Ten times nikharva is śaṅkha. Ten times śaṅkha is padma, and ten times padma is sāgara. Ten times sāgara is antya, and ten times antya is madhya, and ten times madhya is parārdha. Each item is ten times greater than the previous one. Thus all the cowherd boys, who were companions of Kṛṣṇa, had many calves to take care of.